Wheat is among the world’s leading food cereals. Human consumption accounts for 80 percent of the global crop. The rest goes for animal feed. The grain, mainly consisting of bread wheat or durum wheat, provides about 20 percent of all calories and protein in the human diet.

North America and Europe, including Russia, are top exporters. Countries with hot climates are the primary importers. The balance of supply and demand is critical, requiring careful policies to ensure adequate prices for farmers and affordable costs for consumers.